Frontiers in Pediatrics

BackgroundStrong social distancing measures were quickly implemented in Chile during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. One of the aims of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) mandates was to decrease overcrowding, thus is usually measured as mobility changes. Methodswe gather data from national health statistics for pediatric emergency (PED) visits for acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children younger than 15. We defined a historical cohort, including data from 2016 to 2019, and compared them with...

Wheather children are easily susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection is still a debated question and a currently a hot topic, particularly in view of important decisions on school opening. For this reason, we decide to describe preliminary data showing the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in children with known household exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Our report shows that household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is high in both adults and children, with similar rates of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in all age groups, inc...

ObjectivePulmonary sequelae post SARS - CoV-2 infection have been reported in adults; however, there is scant literature regarding pulmonary dysfunction following SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. We studied the long term pulmonary sequelae in children who had SARS-CoV-2 infection. MethodsThis single center descriptive study conducted in a public sector tertiary care hospital in Northern India, from June, 2020 to October, 2021. We enrolled children aged 7-18 years admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infec...

IntroductionPost-Intensive Care Syndrome in Pediatrics (PICS-p) is being increasingly reported and investigated in children after a critical illness. This manifests as physical, cognitive, and mental problems that affect their quality of life. This systematic review aims to explore the risk factors leading to PICS-p to inform prevention and management strategies. Method and AnalysisThis systematic review and Meta-analysis will be carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for ...

Respiratory exacerbations are a frequent cause of hospitalisation in children with severe neurodisability (ND). Direct aspiration of food/saliva, reflux aspiration of gastric contents or a combination of both is thought to be a common cause of respiratory symptoms and disease, particularly when this occurs silently. A number of aspiration biomarkers, including bile acids and pepsin, have been proposed, however, no gold-standard diagnostic tests are currently available. In children with severe N...

BackgroundPediatric myocarditis is caused by myocardial inflammation that can manifest a wide range of clinical courses, from mild symptoms to death, in the pediatric emergency department. This study aimed to identify risk factors or parameters to predict the clinical course of pediatric myocarditis. MethodsThis retrospective study included 46 patients who visited the pediatric emergency room at Severance Hospital. The patients were classified into spontaneous recovery (n=42) and extracorporeal...

BackgroundDespite the growing literature on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), the data in European White population is limited. Our aim was to capture MIS-C emergence in Poland (central Europe) and to describe its characteristics with a focus on severity determinants. MethodsPatients who met the MIS-C definition (fever, multiorgan failure, inflammation, and proven SARS-CoV-2 infection or contact) were reported retrospectively and prospectively in an online survey. Study def...

ObjectiveTo study the practice and effect of monitoring pediatric patients on the hospital length of stay (LOS). MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional observational study of pediatric patients in the general ward from October to December 2016. We recorded the use of cardiac, pulse-oximeter, or both, and physician order at the time of admission. We studied the proportions of monitoring on different patient groups. The median length of stay assessed for various modes of monitoring. We did regress...

ImportanceRates of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) remain high in several high-income countries. Several studies reported rates of pictures of sleeping infants or infant sleeping environments that were highly inconsistent with safe infant sleep recommendations (SISRs) to prevent SUDI. ObjectiveTo provide robust and synthetized evidence to decision-makers involved in corrective actions, we systematically assessed the proportion of pictures that were inconsistent with SISRs in the visua...

IntroductionCOVID 19 is still a challenge in pediatrics due to variety of symptoms and different presentations AimTo describe clinical, laboratorial and treatment of confirmed COVID-19 pediatric admitted in hospitals. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in children (0-18 years), admitted between March and November 15, 2020, with confirmed COVID-19 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or serological tests. Clinical data about symptoms, laboratorial exams and treatments were...

IntroductionCOVID-19 pandemic represents a big impact on childrens health, this study describes the behavior of the disease in hospitalized pediatric patients in the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Nino San Borja (INSN-SB). MethodsRetrospective study of patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnostic between March and July 2020. Demographic, clinic, laboratory, radiology and treatment data were collected and for the analysis descriptive statistics were included. ResultsFrom a total of 91 patients....

BackgroundThere is growing evidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) resembling Kawasaki disease in children infected with SARS-CoV-2. The review was undertaken to evaluate the case definition, the spectrum of clinical presentations and current management practices in children with COVID-19 presenting with or without MIS-C. MethodsThe individual patient data from 119 studies accounting for 333 children were analyzed. We devised a scoring system as per WHO criteria to cla...

BackgroundLower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a leading cause of under-5 mortality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and interventions to reduce mortality are needed. Non-invasive ventilation has been shown to reduce mortality for neonates; however, data for children >1 month of age in LMICs are lacking. The objective of this study was to systematically review the available literature to determine if non-invasive ventilation as the primary modality of respiratory suppo...

ObjectiveFaced with the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, the real impact of the disease on children and adolescents and the behavior of the disease in this population are questioned. This study aims to assess the clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the effectiveness of the measures adopted at the institution. MethodsThis is a prospective study carried out from 11/04/2020 to 19/06/2020. Investigated 346 patients between zero and eighteen years old, with analysi...

BackgroundSymptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are nonspecific and shared with other common acute viral illnesses (fever, respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms, and cutaneous signs), thus making clinical differential diagnosis tricky. In Italy, first line management of pediatric care is handed over to Primary Care Pediatricians (PCPs), who were not allowed to directly perform diagnostic tests during the recent COVID-19 outbreak. Without a confirmatory diagnosis, PCPs could only collec...

ImportanceIn April 2020, multiple reports of an association between a hyperinflammatory, Kawasaki-like condition and SARS-CoV-2 were published and termed as pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS). A thorough characterization of this syndrome (demographics, presentation, diagnosis, and outcome) is currently lacking. ObjectiveWe aimed to perform a systematic review of published cases of this novel multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children...

BackgroundSeveral studies indicated that children seem to be less frequently infected with SARS-CoV-2 and potentially less contagious. To examine the spread of SARS-CoV-2 we combined both RT-PCR testing and serology in children in the most affected region in France, during the COVID-19 epidemic. MethodsFrom April 14, 2020 to May 12, 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional prospective, multicenter study. Healthy controls and pauci-symptomatic children from birth to age 15 years were enrolled by 27 ...

Fluorescent spot test for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency was performed in 5 boys and 14 girls who had confirmed COVID-19. Out of those, 4 (80%) boys and 5 (36%) girls were found to be G6PD deficient.

BackgroundWe aimed to identify clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children and evaluate the role of procalcitonin in early differential diagnosis. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on all suspected pediatric cases. Results39 (50.6%) of 77 suspected cases were comfirmed, 4 (5.2%) of them had viral coinfection. Compared with non-COVID-19 group (n=33), COVID-19 confirmed group (n=39) had fewer fever(OR[95% CI]0.467[0.314-0.694]; P=.000) and symptoms of acute r...

IntroductionThe circadian clock is an internal, [~]24-hour biological timer that synchronizes physiology with the day-night cycle. Social jetlag (SJL) describes the misalignment between this internal clock and social schedules, a condition affecting approximately 70% of the population and linked to a spectrum of metabolic, mental, and cognitive health issues. This study examined how the 2022 FIFA World Cup disrupted normal childrens sleep routines and other associated factors from parents prospe...